ICONV(3) FreeBSD Library Functions Manual ICONV(3)
NAME
iconv_open, iconv_open_into, iconv_close, iconv - codeset conversion
functions
LIBRARY
Standard C Library (libc, -lc)
SYNOPSIS
#include <iconv.h>
iconv_t
iconv_open(const char *dstname, const char *srcname);
int
iconv_open_into(const char *dstname, const char *srcname,
iconv_allocation_t *ptr);
int
iconv_close(iconv_t cd);
size_t
iconv(iconv_t cd, char ** restrict src, size_t * restrict srcleft,
char ** restrict dst, size_t * restrict dstleft);
size_t
__iconv(iconv_t cd, char ** restrict src, size_t * restrict srcleft,
char ** restrict dst, size_t * restrict dstleft, uint32_t flags,
size_t * invalids);
DESCRIPTION
The iconv_open() function opens a converter from the codeset srcname to
the codeset dstname and returns its descriptor. The arguments srcname
and dstname accept "" and "char", which refer to the current locale
encoding.
The iconv_open_into() creates a conversion descriptor on a preallocated
space. The iconv_allocation_t is used as a spaceholder type when
allocating such space. The dstname and srcname arguments are the same as
in the case of iconv_open(). The ptr argument is a pointer of
iconv_allocation_t to the preallocated space.
The iconv_close() function closes the specified converter cd.
The iconv() function converts the string in the buffer *src of length
*srcleft bytes and stores the converted string in the buffer *dst of size
*dstleft bytes. After calling iconv(), the values pointed to by src,
srcleft, dst, and dstleft are updated as follows:
*src Pointer to the byte just after the last character fetched.
*srcleft Number of remaining bytes in the source buffer.
*dst Pointer to the byte just after the last character stored.
*dstleft Number of remainder bytes in the destination buffer.
If the string pointed to by *src contains a byte sequence which is not a
valid character in the source codeset, the conversion stops just after
the last successful conversion. If the output buffer is too small to
store the converted character, the conversion also stops in the same way.
In these cases, the values pointed to by src, srcleft, dst, and dstleft
are updated to the state just after the last successful conversion.
If the string pointed to by *src contains a character which is valid
under the source codeset but can not be converted to the destination
codeset, the character is replaced by an "invalid character" which
depends on the destination codeset, e.g., `?', and the conversion is
continued. iconv() returns the number of such "invalid conversions".
There are two special cases of iconv():
src == NULL || *src == NULL
If the source and/or destination codesets are stateful, iconv()
places these into their initial state.
If both dst and *dst are non-NULL, iconv() stores the shift
sequence for the destination switching to the initial state in the
buffer pointed to by *dst. The buffer size is specified by the
value pointed to by dstleft as above. iconv() will fail if the
buffer is too small to store the shift sequence.
On the other hand, dst or *dst may be NULL. In this case, the
shift sequence for the destination switching to the initial state
is discarded.
The __iconv() function works just like iconv() but if iconv() fails, the
invalid character count is lost there. This is a not bug rather a
limitation of IEEE Std 1003.1-2008 ("POSIX.1"), so __iconv() is provided
as an alternative but non-standard interface. It also has a flags
argument, where currently the following flags can be passed:
__ICONV_F_HIDE_INVALID
Skip invalid characters, instead of returning with an error.
RETURN VALUES
Upon successful completion of iconv_open(), it returns a conversion
descriptor. Otherwise, iconv_open() returns (iconv_t)-1 and sets errno
to indicate the error.
Upon successful completion of iconv_open_into(), it returns 0.
Otherwise, iconv_open_into() returns -1, and sets errno to indicate the
error.
Upon successful completion of iconv_close(), it returns 0. Otherwise,
iconv_close() returns -1 and sets errno to indicate the error.
Upon successful completion of iconv(), it returns the number of "invalid"
conversions. Otherwise, iconv() returns (size_t)-1 and sets errno to
indicate the error.
ERRORS
The iconv_open() function may cause an error in the following cases:
[ENOMEM] Memory is exhausted.
[EINVAL] There is no converter specified by srcname and
dstname.
The iconv_open_into() function may cause an error in the following cases:
[EINVAL] There is no converter specified by srcname and
dstname.
The iconv_close() function may cause an error in the following case:
[EBADF] The conversion descriptor specified by cd is invalid.
The iconv() function may cause an error in the following cases:
[EBADF] The conversion descriptor specified by cd is invalid.
[EILSEQ] The string pointed to by *src contains a byte sequence
which does not describe a valid character of the
source codeset.
[E2BIG] The output buffer pointed to by *dst is too small to
store the result string.
[EINVAL] The string pointed to by *src terminates with an
incomplete character or shift sequence.
SEE ALSO
iconv(1), mkcsmapper(1), mkesdb(1), __iconv_get_list(3),
iconv_canonicalize(3), iconvctl(3), iconvlist(3)
STANDARDS
The iconv_open(), iconv_close(), and iconv() functions conform to IEEE
Std 1003.1-2008 ("POSIX.1").
The iconv_open_into() function is a GNU-specific extension and it is not
part of any standard, thus its use may break portability. The __iconv()
function is an own extension and it is not part of any standard, thus its
use may break portability.
FreeBSD 13.1-RELEASE-p6 August 4, 2014 FreeBSD 13.1-RELEASE-p6
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