NG_CAR(4) FreeBSD Kernel Interfaces Manual NG_CAR(4)
NAME
ng_car - Committed Access Rate netgraph node type
SYNOPSIS
#include <netgraph/ng_car.h>
DESCRIPTION
The car node type limits traffic flowing through it using:
• Single rate three color marker as described in RFC 2697,
• Two rate three color marker as described in RFC 2698,
• RED-like rate limit algorithm used by Cisco,
• Traffic shaping with RED.
HOOKS
This node type supports the following hooks:
upper Hook leading to upper layer protocols.
lower Hook leading to lower layer protocols.
Traffic flowing from upper to lower is considered downstream traffic.
Traffic flowing from lower to upper is considered upstream traffic.
MODES OF OPERATION
Each hook can operate in one of the following modes:
NG_CAR_SINGLE_RATE
Single rate three color marker as described in RFC 2697. Committed
burst packets are counted as green, extended burst packets are
counted as yellow and exceeding packets are counted as red.
Committed burst getting refilled with CIR (Committed Information
Rate) speed. When it is full, exceeded burst getting refilled.
NG_CAR_DOUBLE_RATE
Two rate three color marker as described in RFC 2698. Committed
burst packets are counted as green, peak burst packets are counted
as yellow and exceeding packets are counted as red. Committed burst
getting refilled with CIR speed. Peak burst getting refilled with
PIR (Peak Information Rate) speed at the same time.
NG_CAR_RED
Similar to NG_CAR_SINGLE_RATE, but with different understanding of
extended burst. When normal burst exceeded and extended burst is
used, packets are counted red with probability equal to part of
extended burst consumed. Extended burst getting refilled first.
When it is full, committed burst getting refilled. This behavior is
similar to RED active queue management algorithm.
This algorithm is more polite to the TCP traffic than
NG_CAR_SINGLE_RATE.
NG_CAR_SHAPE
Committed burst packets are counted as green, exceeding packets are
delayed by queue with RED management and counted as yellow. Packets
dropped by queue counted as red. Queue parameters are hardcoded:
length 99 packets, min_th 8 packets, max_p 100%.
Traffic shaping is much more polite to the TCP traffic than rate
limit on links with bandwidth * delay product less than 6-8 TCP
segments, but it consumes additional system resources for queue
processing.
By default, all information rates are measured in bits per second and
bursts are measured in bytes. But when NG_CAR_COUNT_PACKETS option is
enabled, rates are measured in packets per second and bursts are in
packets.
CONTROL MESSAGES
This node type supports the generic control messages and the following
specific messages.
NGM_CAR_SET_CONF (setconf)
Set node configuration to the specified at struct ng_car_bulkconf
NGM_CAR_GET_CONF (getconf)
Return current node configuration as struct ng_car_bulkconf
struct ng_car_hookconf {
uint64_t cbs; /* Committed burst size (bytes) */
uint64_t ebs; /* Exceeded/Peak burst size (bytes) */
uint64_t cir; /* Committed information rate (bits/s) */
uint64_t pir; /* Peak information rate (bits/s) */
uint8_t green_action; /* Action for green packets */
uint8_t yellow_action; /* Action for yellow packets */
uint8_t red_action; /* Action for red packets */
uint8_t mode; /* single/double rate, ... */
uint8_t opt; /* color-aware or color-blind */
};
/* possible actions (..._action) */
enum {
NG_CAR_ACTION_FORWARD = 1,
NG_CAR_ACTION_DROP,
NG_CAR_ACTION_MARK
};
/* operation modes (mode) */
enum {
NG_CAR_SINGLE_RATE = 0,
NG_CAR_DOUBLE_RATE,
NG_CAR_RED,
NG_CAR_SHAPE
};
/* mode options (bits for opt) */
#define NG_CAR_COLOR_AWARE 1
#define NG_CAR_COUNT_PACKETS 2
struct ng_car_bulkconf {
struct ng_car_hookconf upstream;
struct ng_car_hookconf downstream;
};
NGM_CAR_GET_STATS (getstats)
Return node statistics as struct ng_car_bulkstats
struct ng_car_hookstats {
uint64_t passed_pkts; /* Counter for passed packets */
uint64_t dropped_pkts; /* Counter for dropped packets */
uint64_t green_pkts; /* Counter for green packets */
uint64_t yellow_pkts; /* Counter for yellow packets */
uint64_t red_pkts; /* Counter for red packets */
uint64_t errors; /* Counter for operation errors */
};
struct ng_car_bulkstats {
struct ng_car_hookstats upstream;
struct ng_car_hookstats downstream;
};
NGM_CAR_CLR_STATS (clrstats)
Clear node statistics.
NGM_CAR_GETCLR_STATS (getclrstats)
Atomically return and clear node statistics.
SHUTDOWN
This node shuts down upon receipt of a NGM_SHUTDOWN control message, or
when all hooks have been disconnected.
EXAMPLES
Limit outgoing data rate over fxp0 Ethernet interface to 20Mbit/s and
incoming packet rate to 5000pps.
/usr/sbin/ngctl -f- <<-SEQ
mkpeer fxp0: car lower lower
name fxp0:lower fxp0_car
connect fxp0: fxp0_car: upper upper
msg fxp0_car: setconf { downstream={ cir=20000000 cbs=2500000 ebs=2500000 greenAction=1 yellowAction=1 redAction=2 mode=2 } upstream={ cir=5000 cbs=100 ebs=100 greenAction=1 yellowAction=1 redAction=2 mode=2 opt=2 } }
SEQ
SEE ALSO
netgraph(4), ngctl(8)
J. Heinanen, A Single Rate Three Color Marker, RFC 2697.
J. Heinanen, A Two Rate Three Color Marker, RFC 2698.
AUTHORS
Nuno Antunes <nuno.antunes@gmail.com>
Alexander Motin <mav@FreeBSD.org>
BUGS
At this moment only DROP and FORWARD actions are implemented.
FreeBSD 13.1-RELEASE-p6 January 27, 2021 FreeBSD 13.1-RELEASE-p6
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