Command Section

OD(1)                   FreeBSD General Commands Manual                  OD(1)

NAME
     od - octal, decimal, hex, ASCII dump

SYNOPSIS
     od [-aBbcDdeFfHhIiLlOosvXx] [-A base] [-j skip] [-N length] [-t type]
        [[+]offset[.][Bb]] [file ...]

DESCRIPTION
     The od utility is a filter which displays the specified files, or
     standard input if no files are specified, in a user specified format.

     The options are as follows:

     -A base        Specify the input address base.  The argument base may be
                    one of d, o, x or n, which specify decimal, octal,
                    hexadecimal addresses or no address, respectively.

     -a             Output named characters.  Equivalent to -t a.

     -B, -o         Output octal shorts.  Equivalent to -t o2.

     -b             Output octal bytes.  Equivalent to -t o1.

     -c             Output C-style escaped characters.  Equivalent to -t c.

     -D             Output unsigned decimal ints.  Equivalent to -t u4.

     -d             Output unsigned decimal shorts.  Equivalent to -t u2.

     -e, -F         Output double-precision floating point numbers.
                    Equivalent to -t fD.

     -f             Output single-precision floating point numbers.
                    Equivalent to -t fF.

     -H, -X         Output hexadecimal ints.  Equivalent to -t x4.

     -h, -x         Output hexadecimal shorts.  Equivalent to -t x2.

     -I, -L, -l     Output signed decimal longs.  Equivalent to -t dL.

     -i             Output signed decimal ints.  Equivalent to -t dI.

     -j skip        Skip skip bytes of the combined input before dumping.  The
                    number may be followed by one of b, k or m which specify
                    the units of the number as blocks (512 bytes), kilobytes
                    and megabytes, respectively.

     -N length      Dump at most length bytes of input.

     -O             Output octal ints.  Equivalent to -t o4.

     -s             Output signed decimal shorts.  Equivalent to -t d2.

     -t type        Specify the output format.  The type argument is a string
                    containing one or more of the following kinds of type
                    specifiers:

                    a       Named characters (ASCII).  Control characters are
                            displayed using the following names:

                            000 NUL 001 SOH 002 STX 003 ETX 004 EOT 005 ENQ
                            006 ACK 007 BEL 008 BS  009 HT  00A NL  00B VT
                            00C FF  00D CR  00E SO  00F SI  010 DLE 011 DC1
                            012 DC2 013 DC3 014 DC4 015 NAK 016 SYN 017 ETB
                            018 CAN 019 EM  01A SUB 01B ESC 01C FS  01D GS
                            01E RS  01F US  020 SP  07F DEL

                    c       Characters in the default character set.  Non-
                            printing characters are represented as 3-digit
                            octal character codes, except the following
                            characters, which are represented as C escapes:

                            NUL              \0
                            alert            \a
                            backspace        \b
                            newline          \n
                            carriage-return  \r
                            tab              \t
                            vertical tab     \v

                            Multi-byte characters are displayed in the area
                            corresponding to the first byte of the character.
                            The remaining bytes are shown as `**'.

                    [d|o|u|x][C|S|I|L|n]
                            Signed decimal (d), octal (o), unsigned decimal
                            (u) or hexadecimal (x).  Followed by an optional
                            size specifier, which may be either C (char), S
                            (short), I (int), L (long), or a byte count as a
                            decimal integer.

                    f[F|D|L|n]
                            Floating-point number.  Followed by an optional
                            size specifier, which may be either F (float), D
                            (double) or L (long double).

     -v             Write all input data, instead of replacing lines of
                    duplicate values with a `*'.

     Multiple options that specify output format may be used; the output will
     contain one line for each format.

     If no output format is specified, -t oS is assumed.

ENVIRONMENT
     The LANG, LC_ALL and LC_CTYPE environment variables affect the execution
     of od as described in environ(7).

EXIT STATUS
     The od utility exits 0 on success, and >0 if an error occurs.

EXAMPLES
     Dump stdin and show the output using named characters and C-style escaped
     characters:

           $ echo "FreeBSD: The power to serve" | od -a -c
           0000000    F   r   e   e   B   S   D   :  sp   T   h   e  sp   p   o   w
                      F   r   e   e   B   S   D   :       T   h   e       p   o   w
           0000020    e   r  sp   t   o  sp   s   e   r   v   e  nl
                      e   r       t   o       s   e   r   v   e  \n
           0000034

     Dump stdin skipping the first 13 bytes using named characters and dumping
     no more than 5 bytes:

           $ echo "FreeBSD: The power to serve" | od -An -a -j 13 -N 5
                      p   o   w   e   r

COMPATIBILITY
     The traditional -s option to extract string constants is not supported;
     consider using strings(1) instead.

SEE ALSO
     hexdump(1), strings(1)

STANDARDS
     The od utility conforms to IEEE Std 1003.1-2001 ("POSIX.1").

HISTORY
     An od command appeared in Version 1 AT&T UNIX.

FreeBSD 13.1-RELEASE-p6        December 22, 2011       FreeBSD 13.1-RELEASE-p6

Command Section

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