TUNEFS(8)               FreeBSD System Manager's Manual              TUNEFS(8)

NAME
     tunefs - tune up an existing UFS file system

SYNOPSIS
     tunefs [-A] [-a enable | disable] [-e maxbpg] [-f avgfilesize]
            [-j enable | disable] [-J enable | disable]
            [-k held-for-metadata-blocks] [-L volname] [-l enable | disable]
            [-m minfree] [-N enable | disable] [-n enable | disable]
            [-o space | time] [-p] [-s avgfpdir] [-S size]
            [-t enable | disable] special | filesystem

DESCRIPTION
     The tunefs utility is designed to change the dynamic parameters of a UFS
     file system which affect the layout policies.  The tunefs utility cannot
     be run on an active file system.  To change an active file system, it
     must be downgraded to read-only or unmounted.

     The parameters which are to be changed are indicated by the flags given
     below:

     -A      The file system has several backups of the super-block.
             Specifying this option will cause all backups to be modified as
             well as the primary super-block.  This is potentially dangerous -
             use with caution.

     -a enable | disable
             Turn on/off the administrative POSIX.1e ACL enable flag.

     -e maxbpg
             Indicate the maximum number of blocks any single file can
             allocate out of a cylinder group before it is forced to begin
             allocating blocks from another cylinder group.  Typically this
             value is set to about one quarter of the total blocks in a
             cylinder group.  The intent is to prevent any single file from
             using up all the blocks in a single cylinder group, thus
             degrading access times for all files subsequently allocated in
             that cylinder group.  The effect of this limit is to cause big
             files to do long seeks more frequently than if they were allowed
             to allocate all the blocks in a cylinder group before seeking
             elsewhere.  For file systems with exclusively large files, this
             parameter should be set higher.

     -f avgfilesize
             Specify the expected average file size.

     -j enable | disable
             Turn on/off soft updates journaling.

     -J enable | disable
             Turn on/off gjournal flag.

     -k held-for-metadata-blocks
             Set the amount of space to be held for metadata blocks.  When
             set, the file system preference routines will try to save the
             specified amount of space immediately following the inode blocks
             in each cylinder group for use by metadata blocks.  Clustering
             the metadata blocks speeds up random file access and decreases
             the running time of fsck(8).  While this option can be set at any
             time, it is most effective if set before any data is loaded into
             the file system.  By default newfs(8) sets it to half of the
             space reserved to minfree.

     -L volname
             Add/modify an optional file system volume label.  Legal
             characters are alphanumerics, dashes, and underscores.

     -l enable | disable
             Turn on/off MAC multilabel flag.

     -m minfree
             Specify the percentage of space held back from normal users; the
             minimum free space threshold.  The default value used is 8%.
             Note that lowering the threshold can adversely affect
             performance:

             •   Settings of 5% and less force space optimization to always be
                 used which will greatly increase the overhead for file
                 writes.

             •   The file system's ability to avoid fragmentation will be
                 reduced when the total free space, including the reserve,
                 drops below 15%.  As free space approaches zero, throughput
                 can degrade by up to a factor of three over the performance
                 obtained at a 10% threshold.

             If the value is raised above the current usage level, users will
             be unable to allocate files until enough files have been deleted
             to get under the higher threshold.

     -N enable | disable
             Turn on/off the administrative NFSv4 ACL enable flag.

     -n enable | disable
             Turn on/off soft updates.

     -o space | time
             The file system can either try to minimize the time spent
             allocating blocks, or it can attempt to minimize the space
             fragmentation on the disk.  Optimization for space has much
             higher overhead for file writes.  The kernel normally changes the
             preference automatically as the percent fragmentation changes on
             the file system.

     -p      Show a summary of what the current tunable settings are on the
             selected file system.  More detailed information can be obtained
             from the dumpfs(8) utility.

     -s avgfpdir
             Specify the expected number of files per directory.

     -S size
             Specify the softdep journal size in bytes.  The minimum is 4M.

     -t enable | disable
             Turn on/off the TRIM enable flag.  If enabled, and if the
             underlying device supports the BIO_DELETE command, the file
             system will send a delete request to the underlying device for
             each freed block.  The trim enable flag is typically set when the
             underlying device uses flash-memory as the device can use the
             delete command to pre-zero or at least avoid copying blocks that
             have been deleted.

             Note that this does not trim blocks that are already free.  See
             the fsck_ffs(8) -E flag.

     At least one of these flags is required.

FILES
     /etc/fstab      read this to determine the device file for a specified
                     mount point.

SEE ALSO
     fs(5), dumpfs(8), gjournal(8), growfs(8), newfs(8)

     M. McKusick, W. Joy, S. Leffler, and R. Fabry, "A Fast File System for
     UNIX", ACM Transactions on Computer Systems 2, 3, pp 181-197, August
     1984, (reprinted in the BSD System Manager's Manual, SMM:5).

HISTORY
     The tunefs utility appeared in 4.2BSD.

BUGS
     This utility does not work on active file systems.  To change the root
     file system, the system must be rebooted after the file system is tuned.

     You can tune a file system, but you cannot tune a fish.

FreeBSD 13.1-RELEASE-p6        January 29, 2019        FreeBSD 13.1-RELEASE-p6